# ASP Including Files

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## The #include Directive

You can insert the content of one ASP file into another ASP file before the server executes it, with the #include directive.

The #include directive is used to create functions, headers, footers, or elements that will be reused on multiple pages.

## How to Use the #include Directive

Here is a file called "mypage.asp":

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h3>Words of Wisdom:</h3>
<p><!--#include file="wisdom.inc"--></p>
<h3>The time is:</h3>
<p><!--#include file="time.inc"--></p>
</body>
</html>

Here is the "wisdom.inc" file:

"One should never increase, beyond what is necessary,
the number of entities required to explain anything."

Here is the "time.inc" file:

<%
Response.Write(Time)
%>

If you look at the source code in a browser, it will look something like this:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h3>Words of Wisdom:</h3>
<p>"One should never increase, beyond what is necessary,
the number of entities required to explain anything."</p>
<h3>The time is:</h3>
<p>11:33:42 AM</p>
</body>
</html>

## Syntax for Including Files

To include a file in an ASP page, place the #include directive inside comment tags:

<!--#include virtual="somefilename"-->
or
<!--#include file ="somefilename"-->

### The Virtual Keyword

Use the virtual keyword to indicate a path beginning with a virtual directory.

If a file named "header.inc" resides in a virtual directory named /html, the following line would insert the contents of "header.inc":

<!-- #include virtual ="/html/header.inc" -->

### The File Keyword

Use the file keyword to indicate a relative path. A relative path begins with the directory that contains the including file.

If you have a file in the html directory, and the file "header.inc" resides in html\headers, the following line would insert "header.inc" in your file:

<!-- #include file ="headers\header.inc" -->

Note that the path to the included file (headers\header.inc) is relative to the including file. If the file containing this #include statement is not in the html directory, the statement will not work.

## Tips and Notes

In the sections above we have used the file extension ".inc" for included files. Notice that if a user tries to browse an INC file directly, its content will be displayed. If your included file contains confidential information or information you do not want any users to see, it is better to use an ASP extension. The source code in an ASP file will not be visible after the interpretation. An included file can also include other files, and one ASP file can include the same file more than once.

Important: Included files are processed and inserted before the scripts are executed. The following script will NOT work because ASP executes the #include directive before it assigns a value to the variable:

<%
fname="header.inc"
%>
<!--#include file="<%fname%>"-->

You cannot open or close a script delimiter in an INC file. The following script will NOT work:

<%
For i = 1 To n
<!--#include file="count.inc"-->
Next
%>

But this script will work:

<% For i = 1 to n %>
<!--#include file="count.inc" -->
<% Next %>
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