# SQL ALTER TABLE Statement

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## The ALTER TABLE Statement

The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns in an existing table.

### SQL ALTER TABLE Syntax

To add a column in a table, use the following syntax:

ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype

To delete a column in a table, use the following syntax (notice that some database systems don't allow deleting a column):

ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name

To change the data type of a column in a table, use the following syntax:

SQL Server / MS Access:

ALTER TABLE table_name
ALTER COLUMN column_name datatype

My SQL / Oracle:

ALTER TABLE table_name
MODIFY COLUMN column_name datatype

Oracle 10G and later:

ALTER TABLE table_name
MODIFY column_name datatype

## SQL ALTER TABLE Example

Look at the "Persons" table:

P_Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Hansen | Ola | Timoteivn 10 | Sandnes
2 | Svendson | Tove | Borgvn 23 | Sandnes
3 | Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 | Stavanger

Now we want to add a column named "DateOfBirth" in the "Persons" table.

We use the following SQL statement:

ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD DateOfBirth date

Notice that the new column, "DateOfBirth", is of type date and is going to hold a date. The data type specifies what type of data the column can hold. For a complete reference of all the data types available in MS Access, MySQL, and SQL Server, go to our complete Data Types reference.

The "Persons" table will now look like this:

P_Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City | DateOfBirth
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Hansen | Ola | Timoteivn 10 | Sandnes |
2 | Svendson | Tove | Borgvn 23 | Sandnes |
3 | Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 | Stavanger |

## Change Data Type Example

Now we want to change the data type of the column named "DateOfBirth" in the "Persons" table.

We use the following SQL statement:

ALTER TABLE Persons
ALTER COLUMN DateOfBirth year

Notice that the "DateOfBirth" column is now of type year and is going to hold a year in a two-digit or four-digit format.

## DROP COLUMN Example

Next, we want to delete the column named "DateOfBirth" in the "Persons" table.

We use the following SQL statement:

ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP COLUMN DateOfBirth

The "Persons" table will now look like this:

P_Id | LastName | FirstName | Address | City
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | Hansen | Ola | Timoteivn 10 | Sandnes
2 | Svendson | Tove | Borgvn 23 | Sandnes
3 | Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 | Stavanger

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