# CSS Aural Reference

« Previous
Next Reference »

## Aural Style Sheets

Aural style sheets use a combination of speech synthesis and sound effects to make the user listen to information, instead of reading information.

Aural presentation can be used:

- by blind people
- to help users learning to read
- to help users who have reading problems
- for home entertainment
- in the car
- by print-impaired communities

The aural presentation converts the document to plain text and feed this to a screen reader (a program that reads all the characters on the screen).

An example of an Aural style sheet:

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
voice-family: male;
richness: 80;
cue-before: url("beep.au")
}

The example above will make the speech synthesizer play a sound, then speak the headers in a very rich male voice.

## CSS Aural Reference

The "CSS" column indicates in which CSS version the property is defined (CSS1 or CSS2).

Property | Description | Values | CSS
--- | --- | --- | ---

azimuth

Sets where the sound should come from

angle
left-side
far-left
left
center-left
center
center-right
right
far-right
right-side
behind
leftwards
rightwards

2

cue | Sets the cue properties in one declaration | cue-before cue-after | 2
cue-after | Specifies a sound to be played after speaking an element's content | none url | 2
cue-before | Specifies a sound to be played before speaking an element's content | none url | 2

elevation

Sets where the sound should come from

angle
below
level
above
higher
lower

2

pause | Sets the pause properties in one declaration | pause-before pause-after | 2
pause-after | Specifies a pause after speaking an element's content | time % | 2
pause-before | Specifies a pause before speaking an element's content | time % | 2

pitch

Specifies the speaking voice

frequency
x-low
low
medium
high
x-high

2

pitch-range | Specifies the variation in the speaking voice. (Monotone voice or animated voice?) | number | 2
play-during | Specifies a sound to be played while speaking an element's content | auto none url mix repeat | 2
richness | Specifies the richness of the speaking voice. (Rich voice or thin voice?) | number | 2
speak | Specifies whether content will render aurally | normal none spell-out | 2
speak-header | Specifies how to handle table headers. Should the headers be spoken before every cell, or only before a cell with a different header than the previous cell | always once | 2
speak-numeral | Specifies how to speak numbers | digits continuous | 2
speak-punctuation | Specifies how to speak punctuation characters | none code | 2

speech-rate

Specifies the speed of the speaking

number
x-slow
slow
medium
fast
x-fast
faster
slower

2

stress | Specifies the "stress" in the speaking voice | number | 2
voice-family | Specifies the voice family of the speaking | specific-voice generic-voice | 2

volume

Specifies the volume of the speaking

number
%
silent
x-soft
soft
medium
loud
x-loud

2

« Previous
Next Reference »

### WEB HOSTING

UK Reseller Hosting

### WEB BUILDING

FREE Website BUILDER Free HTML5 Templates

### W3SCHOOLS EXAMS

HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, jQuery, XML, and ASP Certifications

### SHARE THIS PAGE

### Color Picker

### HTML/CSS

HTML Tutorial HTML5 Tutorial CSS Tutorial CSS3 Tutorial Bootstrap Tutorial

### JavaScript

JavaScript Tutorial jQuery Tutorial jQuery Mobile Tutorial AngularJS Tutorial AJAX Tutorial JSON Tutorial

### Graphics

Canvas Tutorial SVG Tutorial Google Maps Tutorial

### Server Side

SQL Tutorial PHP Tutorial ASP Tutorial ASP.NET Tutorial VBScript Tutorial AppML Tutorial

### Web

Web Building Web Statistics Web Certification

### XML

XML Tutorial DTD Tutorial Schema Tutorial XML DOM Tutorial XPath Tutorial XSLT Tutorial XQuery Tutorial XSL-FO Tutorial RSS Tutorial WSDL Tutorial

### HTML/CSS

HTML Tag Reference HTML Event Reference HTML Color Reference CSS 1,2,3 Reference Bootstrap Reference

### JavaScript

JavaScript Reference HTML DOM Reference jQuery Reference jQuery Mobile Reference Google Maps Reference

### Server Side

PHP Reference SQL Reference ASP Reference VBScript Reference Razor Reference ASP.NET Reference

### XML

XML DOM Reference XSLT Reference XSL-FO Reference XPath Reference XQuery Reference Schema Reference RSS Reference SVG Reference

### HTML Charsets

HTML Character Sets HTML ASCII HTML ANSI HTML Windows-1252 HTML ISO-8859-1 HTML Symbols HTML UTF-8

### HTML/CSS

HTML Examples CSS Examples

### Browser Scripting

JavaScript Examples HTML DOM Examples jQuery Examples jQuery Mobile Examples AngularJS Examples AJAX Examples

### Server Scripting

PHP Examples ASP Examples VBScript Examples Razor Examples .NET Examples

### XML Languages

XML Examples DTD Examples XML DOM Examples XSL Examples XSLT Examples XPath Examples XQuery Examples Schema Examples RSS Examples SVG Examples